Filler words are sounds, words, or short phrases that people use while speaking in public to fill breaks or gaps while they gather their thoughts. Common examples include “um,” “uh,” “like,” “you know,” and “so.” These words don’t add real meaning to what’s being said, but they help the speaker hold the floor and keep the conversation flowing.
Also known as discourse markers or vocal disfluencies, filler words often show up when we’re unsure of what to say next or need a crutch to think. They can even signal emotion, like nervousness or hesitation. Most of the time, we use them without realizing it.
While filler words are natural and found in nearly every language, using them too often can distract listeners. Overuse may make a speaker seem unprepared, less confident, or less clear. However, in moderation, fillers can serve a purpose—softening blunt remarks, buying thinking time, or checking if the listener is still engaged.
Recognizing discourse markers is the first step to managing them and becoming a more confident speaker.
Key Takeaways
- Filler words are natural but can be distracting. Words like “um” and “you know” often help fill pauses, but too many can make you seem unsure or unprepared.
- We use them for many reasons. Habit, nervousness, or needing time to think are common reasons. Fillers can also help us sound more relatable in casual conversations.
- Too many fillers can weaken your message. Overusing them may break the flow of your talk and reduce clarity, especially in professional or formal settings.
- You can reduce vocal disfluencies with practice. Record yourself, break instead of filling the silence, slow down, and rehearse. Over time, these steps can help you speak with more confidence and purpose.
Reasons We Use Filler Words in Speech
Filler words like “um,” “uh,” and “like” often sneak into our interactions for several reasons — and many of them are perfectly natural. One big reason is habit. We’re surrounded by people who use discourse markers every day — at home, work, school, and in the media. Over time, we pick up those patterns without thinking.
Another common reason is that our brain sometimes needs a moment to catch up. When we’re searching for the right word or idea, vocal disfluencies act like a verbal bookmark. They let others know we’re still thinking and not done speaking — helping us keep the floor in a conversation.
Filler words also show up when we’re nervous, unsure of what to say next, or dealing with difficult topics. In these moments, they can ease tension and buy us time. Some people also use them out of a learned need to respond right away — a habit formed from childhood when quick answers were expected.
Discourse markers can make us sound more natural and relatable. But too many can get in the way of clear communication. The key isn’t to eliminate them completely — it’s to use them in moderation.
Effects of Filler Words Like “Um” in Speech
Filler words may seem harmless, but they can quietly hurt how people see and hear you—especially in a professional setting. While saying “um” or “you know” once or twice isn’t a problem, using them too often can make you seem unsure, unprepared, or nervous. Listeners might stop focusing on your message and instead wonder if you actually know what you’re talking about.
Too many fillers can also make it harder for people to follow your ideas. They break the flow of words and distract from your main points. In short, vocal disfluencies don’t add anything—they take away from the strength of your message.
Good communication is clear and direct. The fewer unnecessary words you use, the stronger your message becomes. Like cutting fluff from a rough draft, reducing discourse markers helps your real ideas shine. If you want to sound more confident and credible, it helps to prepare ahead, speak with purpose, and build habits that reduce nervousness.
Tips to Avoid Filler Words in Speech
Using fewer vocal disfluencies can help you sound more confident and clear when you speak. While getting rid of these habits takes time, the following tips can help you become more aware and intentional with your words.
Record Yourself and Reflect
A great first step is to record yourself speaking in public or making a presentation. While it might feel awkward to watch yourself, it helps you catch how often you say “um,” “like,” or “you know.” Pay attention to when these discourse markers show up—maybe it’s during transitions or when you lose your train of thought. Watching yourself gives you the chance to spot patterns you wouldn’t otherwise notice.
Practice the Power of the Pause
When you’re unsure of what to say next, don’t feel pressured to speak right away. Instead, pause. A short silence can feel long to you, but to your audience, it gives weight to your words. Practicing this technique can replace vocal disfluencies with thoughtful breaks, giving your ideas more impact.
Speak Slowly and Stay Calm
Many of us use discourse markers when we’re nervous or feel rushed. Speaking slowly gives you more time to think and helps calm your nerves. You’ll come across as more confident and in control. Plus, speaking clearly and at a steady pace makes it easier for your audience to follow along.
Know Your Material Well
Confidence often comes from preparation. The more familiar you are with your topic, the less likely you’ll rely on vocal disfluencies. Whether you’re preparing for a meeting or a public address, do your research, rehearse answers to likely questions, and even write down key points to stay on track.
Rehearse and Get Feedback
Practice in front of a camera, then review the footage—or ask a trusted friend to give feedback. You’ll start to notice distracting habits like stammering or mumbling. The more you rehearse, the more comfortable you’ll become, and the fewer discourse markers you’ll use.
Build Your Vocabulary
Sometimes, vocal disfluencies come from not knowing the right word to use. Improving your vocabulary can help you communicate your ideas more smoothly. Think about simpler or more direct words you can use instead of reaching for a filler while you search for the right expression.
Test and Remove Unnecessary Words
To check whether a word is a filler, read your sentence without it. If the meaning stays the same, you can safely cut the word. This trick works well in both writing and speaking, helping you become more mindful about what you say and how you say it.
Stay Focused and Engaged
Filler words often sneak in when you lose focus. Maintain eye contact with your audience and stay present in the conversation. Engaging with your listeners helps you stay on track and reduces the chances of filling breaks with meaningless sounds or words.
Aim for Progress, Not Perfection
Don’t beat yourself up for using a few discourse markers. The goal is to improve steadily over time. Even small changes in your speaking habits can make a big difference. If you’re struggling with nerves or performance blocks, consider working with a coach who will guide you.
Take a Breath and Try Again
Eliminating vocal disfluencies takes patience and practice. The next time you’re asked a question, remember to pause, think, and then speak. Silence isn’t awkward—it’s often the key to sounding composed and thoughtful.
Examples of Filler Words in Speech
Filler words are short, common words people use—often without realizing it—when speaking or writing. They usually don’t add meaning and can make you sound unsure or unprepared. Here are some common examples:
1. Sounds of Hesitation:
Words like um, er, ah, and hmm are used when you’re thinking or unsure. For example:
“Um, I’m not sure if that’s the right file.”
These words hold space but can be distracting if overused.
2. Common Verbal Ticks:
Like, you know, right, okay, well, so, and alright are often used in conversation out of habit.
“She has, like, a million things to do.”
“Well, let’s wait and see what happens.”
They’re fine in casual talk but may weaken formal interactions.
3. Hedge Words:
Phrases like I mean, I guess, I suppose signal uncertainty.
“I guess we could try another approach.”
Using these too often can make you seem unsure.
4. Softening Adverbs:
Words like just, really, very, highly, literally, and seriously are often added without changing the meaning.
“She’s just asking a question.”
“He’s very talented.”
These words can water down your message if not used carefully.
5. Filler Phrases in Writing:
Basically, honestly, personally, actually, needless to say, and at the end of the day often show up in writing.
“Basically, I didn’t agree with the plan.”
They can be removed without changing the point of the sentence.
6. Topic Shifters:
Words like anyway and oh help change or close a topic.
“Oh, I didn’t know that!”
“Anyway, let’s move on.”
Most discourse markers serve a purpose—to help us break, soften a point, or ease into thoughts. However, using too many can distract your audience and weaken your message.
Do’s and Don’ts of Using Filler Words in Speech
Filler words like “um,” “uh,” or “you know” are often used without thinking. While they can sometimes help smooth out a conversation, they can also make you sound unsure or unprepared—especially in professional settings. Here are some simple dos and don’ts to keep in mind.
Do use filler words:
- In casual conversations: It’s fine to use fillers when chatting with friends or in relaxed settings. They can help you sound more natural and relatable.
- To organize your thoughts: A quick “let me see…” can give you time to think without sounding abrupt.
- To soften awkward moments: Filler words can ease tension or soften a sensitive comment.
- When they carry meaning: Words like “oh” and “hmm” can show emotion or signal that you’re thinking.
- To engage listeners: Questions like “Right?” or “You know?” can make the conversation more interactive.
Don’t overuse filler words:
- In public speaking: Frequent fillers while speaking can make you seem nervous and unprepared. Silence is often more powerful.
- In media or podcasts: Too many “ums” and “ahs” can hurt your credibility and distract your audience.
- In formal writing: Avoid fillers altogether. Be direct, clear, and to the point.
Used thoughtfully, vocal disfluencies can help—just don’t let them take over.
Wrap-up: Filler Words in Speech
Filler words are a natural part of everyday conversation, but using them too often can weaken your message, especially in professional or public settings. Words like “like” and “you know” often show up when we’re nervous, thinking, or trying to hold the floor. While they can sometimes help us sound more relatable or buy time to think, overuse can make us seem unprepared or unsure.
Learning to manage discourse markers starts with awareness. By recording yourself, pausing instead of rushing, and practicing your delivery, you can speak more clearly and confidently. Preparation, staying calm, and building your vocabulary also help reduce your reliance on fillers. It’s okay to use them occasionally, especially in casual settings—but in more formal contexts, aim for clarity and control. With patience and practice, you can cut down on vocal disfluencies and let your real message stand out.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. What are filler words, and why do we use them?
Filler words are short sounds like “uh” or “like” that people use while thinking. They help us hold the floor in conversation, ease nerves, or buy time to find the right word.
2. Are filler words always bad while speaking?
Not always. In small amounts, they can make you sound more natural and relatable. But too many can hurt your message, make you seem unsure, or distract your audience.
3. How can I reduce my use of filler words?
Practice speaking slowly, record and review yourself, take thoughtful pauses, and know your material well. These steps help build confidence and reduce reliance on discourse markers.
4. Can filler words ever be useful in public speaking?
Yes, when used carefully. They can soften a comment, signal emotion, or make your tone feel less harsh. The key is using them in moderation, not by habit.
Sound Confident—Even With a Few “Ums”
Want to speak with more clarity and confidence—even if you use vocal disfluencies like “you know”? Prezentium can help you strike the right balance. Whether you’re preparing for a high-stakes presentation or an everyday meeting, our team helps you turn nervous breaks into powerful moments. With our Overnight presentations, we transform your rough notes into polished decks that keep your message clear and purposeful. Accelerators support you in shaping ideas into well-designed slides that back you up with confidence. With Zenith Learning, our expert-led training programs help you manage nervous habits, improve your delivery, and use discourse markers thoughtfully—not mindlessly. You don’t need to be perfect—just prepared. Let Prezentium help you speak smarter, not just faster.